Three factors that determine the force of impact are

• A. Speed alone
• B. Speed, weight, and distance between impact and stopping
• C. Braking efficiency and steering input
• D. Weight and tire pressure

Answer: (B)

The force of impact is determined by how much momentum and energy must be stopped and how quickly that stopping occurs. This depends on the vehicle’s mass (weight), the speed at impact, and the distance over which the deceleration takes place (stopping distance). More mass adds momentum, higher speed adds more energy to dissipate, and a shorter stopping distance means a sharper deceleration, producing a larger force. A helpful way to think about it is F ≈ (m v^2) / (2d) for roughly constant deceleration, showing why speed has a strong effect, mass scales the force, and more stopping distance reduces the force. The other options mix in driver actions or incomplete factors that don’t directly determine the impact force.